Deadliest Earthquakes in the Philippine History

PHOTO SOURCE: AP Photo/Joseph Capellan.  

July 16, 1990 earthquake (magnitude 7.7) that shook Luzon, destroying the Hyatt Regency Hotel, Baguio City

NOTE: CREDITS to the rightful owners of the photos used in this blog.

 A 7.2 magnitude earthquake of tectonic in origin struck the Philippine Visayas and Northern Mindanao regions around 8:12 Tuesday morning, October 15, 2013. The quake's epicenter was found about five kilometer East of Balilihan, Philippines with a depth of 56.8 km (35.5 miles).Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Phivolcs)

Director Renato Solidum said the major earthquake was the strongest felt in Visayas and Mindanao in the last 23 years, releasing energy equivalent to “32 Hiroshima bombs.”

The provinces of  Bohol, Cebu, Siquijor and Negros Oriental were severely devastated by the earthquake. These areas were affected by power outages, series of aftershocks, and communication problems. Some roads were closed due to cracks and damaged bridges.

The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) reported at least ninety-three (93) death casualties - Cebu (15), Bohol (77) and Siquijor (1). They were mostly killed by falling rabble, being trapped in collapsed buildings and landslide. Almost 200 were wounded, 1,000 were evacuated and others were still missing.

PHOTO CREDITS:  Robert Michael Poole. 

The severely damaged Loboc Church in Bohol by an earthquake

Notable infrastructure damages were on properties, bridges (6) and old churches (22). Seven of these 22 churches were heritage churches in Cebu and Bohol. 

The provinces of Bohol and Cebu were put under state of calamity. A state of calamity is declared when “a condition involving mass casualty and/or major damages to property, disruption of means of livelihoods, roads and normal way of life of people in the affected areas as a result of the occurrence of natural or human-induced hazard.”

Compiled by Inquirer.net, these are among the Philippines’ most destructive earthquakes in recent history recorded by Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Phivolcs):*

In 2012, a 6.9-magnitude earthquake shook Negros and Cebu, causing landslides and the collapse of several buildings, resulting in the death of at least 52 people. Other reports said at least a hundred people were killed, mostly by landslides. Several bridges were also rendered impassable. 

A 6.9-magnitude earthquake shook Negros and Cebu in 2012

 

A 6.9-magnitude earthquake shook Negros and Cebu in 2012

  1994: Mindoro – Tsunami caused by the 7.1-magnitude earthquake killed most of the 78 casualties from the said calamity. Affected by the tsunami were coastal areas in Baco and Calapan, Oriental Mindoro. At least 1530 houses, out of the 7566 damaged, were washed away by the tsunami.

Phivolcs report: Mindoro Earthquake – 15 November 1994

1990: Luzon – At least 1,200 people died in the July 16, 1990 earthquake (magnitude 7.7) that shook Luzon. Baguio City was among the hardest-hit as many hotels and government buildings collapsed killings hundreds in an instant. Because of landslides, the city was isolated from the rest of the Philippines. In Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, buildings were also heavily damaged resulting in the death of more than 300 people.

Read: Baguio simulates 1990 quake for the young to learn, Baguio folk choose to forget 1990 killer quake

Government report: Luzon Earthquake – 16 July 1990

1990: Panay – One of the three devastating earthquakes of 1990, the 7.1 magnitude tremor hit Panay island and killed eight people while injuring 41 others. A number of bridges collapsed while large fissures were recorded. In Aklan, a number of churches and other infrastructure were heavily damaged while 15 percent of houses in Culasi, Antique were reported damaged.

Phivolcs report: Panay Earthquake – 14 June 1990

1990: Bohol – Similar to the recent earthquake, a shallow seated tectonic tremor (magnitude 6.8) hit Bohol in 1990 and caused panic to the general public. It was also felt in other parts of Visayas and in Mindanao. Six people were killed, 200 injured and 46,000 displaced. With thousands of houses damaged, at least 7,000 people were rendered homeless.

Phivolcs report: Bohol Earthquake – February 8, 1990

1983: Laoag – A 6.5-magnitude tremor, considered the most severe to his north-western Luzon in the last 52 years, left 16 dead and at least 50 injured. Dozens of building were reduced to rubble while landslides affected other parts of Ilocos Norte.

Phivolcs report: Laoag Earthquake – 17 August 1983

1976: Moro Gulf – Almost 5,000 people were killed by a record 7.9-magnitude earthquake and the resulting tsunami which hit the island of Mindanao. The offshore tremor generated by the Cotabato trench caused a tsunami, said to be responsible for 85 percent of the deaths. “The sea unloaded its fury on everything near the shore. Houses and properties along the coastal beaches of Lanao del Sur and Pagadian were practically washed out. Bits of houses littered the sea and bodies littered the shore,” said the Phivolcs report.

Phivolcs report: Moro Gulf Earthquake – 17 August 1976

1973: Ragay Gulf – Almost a hundred houses were destroyed while 270 others were damaged in Calauag, Quezon due to a magnitude 7 earthquake. A number of other buildings, roads, railroads and bridges were damaged. The Sumulong highway bridge collapsed while PNR’s railways were “badly twisted” due to the ground movement caused by the quake.

Phivolcs report: Ragay Gulf Earthquake – 17 March 1973

1968: Casiguran – A 7.3-magnitude tremor, considered at the time as the most destructive in the last 20 years, hit the town of Casiguran, Aurora and the rest of Luzon. The six-story Ruby Tower in Binondo, Manila collapsed, killing around 300 tenants, as other major buildings in the same area were damaged. Extensive landslides and large fissures were observed in the mountainous areas while a tsunami was also recorded.

Read: Ruby Tower earthquake survivors visit hallowed ground

Phivolcs report: Casiguran Earthquake – 02 August 1968

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